基于3S技术的黄河三角洲土壤质量自动化评价方法研究

土壤盐碱化加剧、土壤质量退化是黄河三角洲土地开发利用中面临的重要问题，快速评价土壤质量对该区土地资源合理利用与保护有重要意义。该文利用GPS技术自动获取采样点信息，利用RS快速获取土地利用现状数据，利用MapGIS对数据进行矢量化，在ArcGIS下对采样点属性进行Kriging插值形成各指标分布图和隶属度分布图，最后利用指数和公式在ArcGIS下自动运算形成土壤质量分布图，并构建了基于3S技术的土壤质量自动化评价流程。评价结果与传统评价对照分析，一致性在90％以上，说明该方法准确可靠。     

塔里木河下游生态输水及河道生态整治工程探讨

通过近几年向塔里木河下游的应急生态输水，水流到达塔里木河尾间台特玛湖，沿岸地下水位上升，沿河部分地段植被长势得以恢复，局部地区生态环境改善。为了从根本上解决塔里木河下游的生态环境问题．探讨了下游河道生态整治工程，包括河道疏浚输水线路选择和设置生态闸的问题。大西海子水库下游河道疏浚工程有3条输水线路可供选择，通过投资、占地、施工、管理、防洪等综合比较，选择在大西海子水库主坝上新建一座放水闸方案。方案在技术上和经济上是可行的。本着尽量少而又要满足河道疏浚后沿岸植被生长需水的原则，分析了沿岸生态闸设置的必要性和保护的生态植被的面积，并探讨了今后生态输水方式的选择与生态闸的开启顺序。     

大型雨水集蓄工程的规划设计及应用

在黄土高原的黄土丘陵沟壑区因地制宜建设大型雨水集蓄工程,可有效利用雨水资源,为水保措施和当地群众的生产生活服务。大型雨水集蓄工程具有易管护、自动化程度高、集蓄的雨水干净等特点。提出了大型雨水集蓄工程的规划设计方法,并进行了实例分析。     

青海省东部黄土丘陵沟壑区泥石流及其防治对策

青海省东部黄土高原丘陵沟壑区高寒干旱，山大沟深，沟壑纵横，生态失调，暴雨频繁，水土流失严重，滑坡、泥石流程度不同地不断发生，严重危害着工农业生产和人民生命财产安全。据调查分析，造成海东泥石流的主要成因，与暴雨、地质、气候、地形、黄土以及人为活动因素有关。防治泥石流灾害必须采取以下措施：全面普查，掌握情况；开展监测工作，进行科学试验；加快坡面、沟道治理；加强管理，依法制止人为水土流失。     

Foliar application of iron,zinc, and manganese nano-chelates improves physiological indicators and soybean yield under water deficit stress

Abstract

To investigate the effect of foliar application of nano-chelates of iron, zinc, and manganese subjected to different irrigation conditions on physiological traits, and yield of soybean (cultivar M9), a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two crop years (2016–2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation (I): full irrigation (I ₁), irrigation withhold at flowering stage (I ₂), irrigation withhold at podding stage (I ₃), and irrigation withhold during the grain filling period (I ₄). Also, the subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe?+?Zn, Fe?+?Mn, Zn?+?Mn, Fe?+?Zn?+?Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control). The results of combined analysis of variance suggested that the effect of irrigation and foliar application of nano-chelate was significant on all traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced the grain yield. The minimum numbers of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight per plant, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, total dry weight of plant, and the grain yield were obtained by irrigation withhold at podding stage. Foliar application of combined nano-chelates increased the soybean resistance against water shortage more considerably than the separate consumption of these elements. Under drought stress in podding stage, the application of Fe?+?Zn led to the highest yield with a mean of 2613.84?kg ha^?1 where this increase was 61.1% higher than control.     

黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域高精度DEM制作及其应用研究

高精度数字高程模型(DEM)是水土流失规律研究与流域地形空间分析中重要的空间数据。以黄土高原沟壑区的南小河沟流域为例,以1：1万地形图为数据源,探讨了在Arcgis和ArcView地理信息平台下,生成高精度DEM及提取流域土壤侵蚀指标的步骤和方法。结果表明,提取的地形信息能准确地反映该区域地形起伏变化与破碎状况,满足当前“数字流域”建设的需要。     

碱性土壤基因组DNA的分离纯化和基因文库的构建

直接从广西南宁市凤凰纸业排污沟碱性土壤样品中抽提和分离纯化混合基因组DNA，所获得DNA的产量为每克土壤样品10～30pg。采用限制性内切酶EcoR1酶处理后，构建了以pGEM-3Zf( )为载体的DNA部分文库。文库的容量为23650个转化子。外源片段DNA平均大小为3．2kb。建库效率为每克环境样品获得6000个左右的含1～15kb外源随机插入片段的克隆。通过DNA序列测定和同源性比较，对从文库随机词取的16个转化子序列进行分析，发现13个外源插入片段包含序列尚未确定的DNA片段。     

宁夏南部黄土丘陵区退化天然草地改良效果综合评价

采用多层次模糊综合评判法,综合分析了宁夏南部黄土丘陵区不同改良措施下的改良效果,结果表明：“88542”整地＋播种综合评判值最高,达到5.9188,改良效果最好,施肥和封育的综合评判值其次,带状翻耕＋播种的综合评判值最低,仅为2.7750,远低于对照。     

Allelopathy variation in dryland winter wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) accessions grown on the Loess Plateau of China for about fifty years

In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of allelopathic potential, its grey correlation with important agronomic characters, and rank analysis on allelopathic stability of fifteen wheat accessions commonly grown in arid regions of the Loess Plateau in China. The genetic variation of allelopathic property in dryland winter wheat showed significant differences between accessions. Allelopathic effects exhibited high heritability (55–95%) throughout the life cycle of wheat. Heritability was highest in the tillering stage and weakest in the seed filling stage. Allelopathic potential varied and was discontinuous throughout the wheat life cycle. Grey correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between allelopathic potential dependant on growth phase and agronomic characters. Allelopathic expression during some growth periods induced a partial correlation effect on some important agronomic characters that affected wheat yield. Allelopathic heritability and its degree of influence on yield were more evident in the vegetative growth stage compared to the reproductive stage. A multiple linear regression was built between allelopathic potential during different growth periods and agronomic characters pursued in wheat breeding. Allelopathic potential had a linear effect on production traits cultivated in wheat breeding. When allelopathic intensity varied from 0 to 1 in the reproductive stage, plant height ranged from 44 to 108 cm, spike length from 6.4 to 9.2 cm, number of spikelets with seeds from 13.4 to 21.0, mean seed number per spike from 41.5 to 50.3 and thousand seed weight from 36.2 to 38.3 g. Based on rank analysis, we concluded that there was a synergistic relationship between allelopathic potential in wheat and genetic, chemical and ecological factors. Triticum aestivum L. ‘No 6 Lankao’ and T. aestivum L. ‘No 22 Xiaoyan’ were identified as stable and relatively strong allelopathic accessions, whereas T. aestivum L. ‘Lankao 95–25’ was a stable but relatively weak allelopathic cultivar. Other varieties showed unstable allelopathic potential.     

再造一个山川秀美的黄土高原——对黄土高原水土流失治理与生态农业建设的认识

<正>当从《陕西日报》上见到江泽民总书记在姜春云副总理《陕北地区治理水土流失,建设生态农业的调查报告》上的批示后.我所的科技人员心情待别激动.40多年来,我所科技人员坚持以黄土高原为重点开展水土保待科学研究,100余项科研成果获得了省、部级以上的奖励 近10余年来承担黄土高原综合治理国家科技攻关项目科研成果,获国家科技进步一等奖 有些科研成果已在治理工作中得到推广和应用.从科技实践中我们深切地体会到,江泽民总书记的批示完全符合实际、完全正确.我们通过科技攻关建立的安塞纸坊沟等小流域水土保持型生态农业实体示范模型,显示了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区严重退化的生态环境用20年的时间可以恢复,并走上良性循环的轨道.证明了只要依靠科学技术,坚持实施以生态效益为核心,社会和经济效益并举的综合治理方针和可持续发展战略,再造一个山川秀美的黄土高原的愿望一定能实现.